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On This Day in History

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June 10

1190 - Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army of the Third Crusade to free Jerusalem.

1776 - The Continental Congress appointed a committee to write a Declaration of Independence.

1793 - The Jardin des Plantes zoo opened in Paris. It was the first public zoo.

1801 - The North African State of Tripoli declared war on the U.S. The dispute was over merchant vessels being able to travel safely through the Mediterranean.

1806 - New York's "Commercial Advertiser" became the first U.S. newspapter to cover the sport of harness racing.

1854 - The U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD, held its first graduation

1898 - U.S. Marines landed in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

1902 - The "outlook" or "see-through" envelope was patented by Americus F. Callahan.

1909 - The SOS distress signal was used for the first time. The Cunard liner SS Slavonia used the signal when it wrecked off the Azores.

1916 - Mecca, under control of the Turks, fell to the Arabs during the Great Arab Revolt

1924 - The Republican National Convention was broadcast by NBC radio. It was the first political convention to be on radio.

1925 - The state of Tennessee adopted a new biology text book that denied the theory of evolution.

1935 - Alcoholic Anonymous was founded by William G. Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.

1940 - Italy declared war on France and Britain. In addition, Canada declared war on Italy.

1942 - The Gestapo massacred 173 male residents of Lidice, Czechoslovakia, in retaliation for the killing of a Nazi official.

1943 - Laszlo Biro patented his ballpoint pen. Biro was a Hungarian journalist.

1943 - The Allies began bombing Germany around the clock.

1944 - The youngest pitcher in major league baseball pitched his first game. Joe Nuxhall was 15 years old (and 10 months and 11 days).

1954 - General Motors announced the gas turbine bus had been produced successfully.

1967 - Israel and Syria agreed to a cease-fire that ended the Six-Day War.

1970 - A fifteen-man group of special forces troops began training for Operation Kingpin. The operation was a POW rescue mission in North Vietnam.

1971 - The U.S. ended a 21-year trade embargo of China

1984 - The U.S. Army successfully tested an antiballistic missile.

1985 - Frank Sinatra was portrayed as a friend of organized crime in a "Doonesbury" comic strip. Over 800 newspapers carried the panel.

1985 - The Israeli army pulled out of Lebanon after 1,099 days of occupation.

1987 - An earthquake hit 15 states from Iowa to South Carolina.

1988 - Author Louis L'Amour died at age 80.

1993 - It was announced by scientists that genetic material was extracted from an insect that lived when dinosaurs roamed the Earth.

1994 - U.S. President Clinton intensified sanctions against Haiti's military leaders. U.S. commercial air travel was suspended along with most financial transactions between Haiti and the U.S.

1995 - 26 people were killed in Medellin, Columbia, by a bomb blast that was blamed on drug traffickers.

1996 - Britain and Ireland opened Northern Ireland peace talks. The IRA's political arm Sinn Fein was excluded

1998 - The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that poor children in Milwaukee could attend religious schools at taxpayer expense.

1999 - NATO suspended air strikes in Yugoslavia after Slobodan Milosevic agreed to withdraw his forces from Kosovo

Birthdays

1889 - Hattie McDaniel. She, for her role in "Gone With the Wind," was the first African-American to win an Academy Award
 
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June 11

1770 - Captain James Cook discovered the Great Barrier Reef off of Australia when he ran aground.

1776 - In America, the Continental Congress formed a committee to draft a Declaration of Independence from Britain

1793 - Robert Haeterick was issued the first patent for a stove.

1798 - Napoleon Bonaparte took the island of Malta.

1847 - Sir John Franklin died in Canada while attempting to discover the Northwest Passage. Franklin was an English naval officer and an Arctic explorer.

1880 - Jeanette Rankin was born. She became the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress.

1889 - The Washington Business High School opened in Washington, DC. It was the first school devoted to business in the U.S.

1895 - Charles E. Duryea received the first U.S. patent granted to an American inventor for a gasoline-driven automobile.

1903 - King Alexander and Queen Draga of Serbia were murdered in a coup by members of the Serbian army.

1912 - Silas Christoferson became the first pilot to take off from the roof of a hotel.

1915 - British troops took Cameroon in Africa.

1919 - Sir Barton became the first horse to capture the Triple Crown when he won the Belmont Stakes in New York City.

1927 - Charles A. Lindberg was presented the first Distinguished Flying Cross.

1930 - William Beebe dove to a record-setting depth of 1,426 feet off the coast of Bermuda. He used a diving chamber called a bathysphere

1936 - The Presbyterian Church of America was formed in Philadelphia, PA.

1937 - Soviet leader Josef Stalin began a purge of Red Army generals.

1940 - The Italian Air Force bombed the British fortress at Malta in the Mediterranean.

1942 - The U.S. and the Soviet Union signed a lend lease agreement to aid the Soviets in their effort in World War II.

1943 - During World War II, the Italian island of Pantelleria surrendered after a heavy air bombardment.

1947 - The U.S. government announced an end sugar rationing.

1950 - Ben Hogan returned to tournament play after a near fatal car accident. He won the U.S. Open.

1955 - In France, 80 people were killed and more than 100 were injured when three cars crashed on the Le Mans racetrack. The cars had ploughed into the spectator's grandstand.

1963 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested in Florida for trying to integrate restaurants.

1963 - Buddhist monk Quang Duc immolated himself on a Saigon street to protest the government of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem.

1963 - Alabama Gov. George Wallace allowed two black students to enroll at the University of Alabama.

1967 - Israel and Syria accepted a U.N. cease-fire

1973 - After a ruling by the Justice Department of the State of Pennsylvania, women were licensed to box or wrestle.

1977 - In the Netherlands, a 19-day hostage situation came to an end when Dutch marines stormed a train and a school being held by South Moluccan extremist. Two hostages and the six terrorists were killed.

1981 - The first major league baseball player's strike began. It would last for two months.

1981 - In Iran, more than 1,000 people were killed in an earthquake that measured 6.8 on the Richter ScaleRichter Scale. The town of Golbaf in the Kermin province was destroyed.

1982 - Steven Spielberg's movie "E.T." opened

1985 - Karen Ann Quinlan died at age 31. Quinlan was a comatose patient whose case prompted a historic right-to-die court decision.

1987 - Margaret Thatcher became the first British prime minister in 160 years to win a third consecutive term of office.

1990 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down a law that would prohibit the desecration of the American Flag.

1991 - Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted. The eruption of ash and gas could be seen for more than 60 miles.

1993 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that people who commit "hate crimes" could be sentenced to extra punishment. The court also ruled in favor of religious groups saying that they indeed had a constitutional right to sacrifice animals during worship services.

1993 - Steven Spielberg's movie "Jurassic Park" opened

1998 - Mitsubishi of America agreed to pay $34 million to end the largest sexual harassment case filed by the U.S. government. The federal lawsuit claimed that hundreds of women at a plant in Normal, IL, had endured groping and crude jokes from male workers.

1998 - Pakistan announced moratorium on nuclear testing and offered to talk with India over disputed Kashmir.

2001 - Timothy McVeigh was executed by the U.S. federal government for his role in the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City

Birthdays

1910 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau. He was the French underwater explorer that invented the Aqua-Lung diving apparatus
Vince Lombardi 1913
Nelson Mandela 1918
 
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June 12

1099 - Crusade leaders visited the Mount of Olives where they met a hermit who urged them to assault Jerusalem

1667 - The first human blood transfusion was administered by Dr. Jean Baptiste. He successfully transfused the blood of a sheep to a 15-year old boy.

1812 - Napoleon's invasion of Russia began

1839 - Abner Doubleday created the game of baseball, according to the legend. However, evidence has surfaced that indicates that the game of baseball was played before 1800.

1849 - The gas mask was patented by L.P. Haslett.

1897 - Carl Elsener patented his penknife. The object later became known as the Swiss army knife.

1918 - The first airplane bombing raid by an American unit occurred on World War I's Western Front in France.

1921 - U.S. President Warren Harding urged every young man to attend military training camp.

1923 - Harry Houdini, while suspended upside down 40 feet above the ground, escaped from a strait jacket.

1931 - Al Capone and 68 of his henchmen were indicted for violating U.S. Prohibition laws.

1935 - U.S. Senator Huey Long of Louisiana made the longest speech on Senate record. The speech took 15 1/2 hours and was filled by 150,000 words

1937 - The Soviet Union executed eight army leaders under Joseph Stalin

1975 - Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was found guilty of corrupt election practices in 1971.

1978 - David Berkowitz, the "Son of Sam" killer in New York, was sentenced to 25 years to life in prison for each of six killings

1981 - Major league baseball players began a 49 day strike. The issue was free-agent compensation.

1982 - 75,000 people rallied against nuclear weapons in New York City's Central Park. Jackson Browne, James Taylor, Bruce Springsteen, and Linda Ronstadt were in attendance.

1985 - Wayne "The Great One" Gretsky was named winner of the NHL's Hart Trophy. The award is given to the the league Most Valuable Player

1986 - South Africa declared a national state of emergency. Virtually unlimited power was given to security forces and restrictions were put on news coverage of the unrest.

1987 - Central African Republic's former emperor Jean-Bedel Bokassa was sentenced to death for crimes he had committed during his 13-year rule.

1987 - U.S. President Reagan publicly challenged Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall

1991 - Russians went to the election polls and elected Boris N. Yeltsin as the president of their republic

1992 - In a letter to the U.S. Senate, Russian Boris Yeltsin stated that in the early 1950's the Soviet Union had shot down nine U.S. planes and held 12 American survivors.

1994 - Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman were murdered outside her home in Los Angeles. O.J. Simpson was later acquitted of the killings, but he was held liable in a civil suit.

1996 - In Philadelphia a panel of federal judges blocked a law against indecency on the internet. The panel said that the 1996 Communications Decency Act would infringe upon the free speech rights of adults.

1998 - Compaq Computer paid $9 billion for Digital Equipment Corp. in largest high-tech acquisition.

1998 - A jury in Hattiesburg, MS, convicted 17-year-old Luke Woodham of killing two students and wounding seven others at Pearl High School.

1999 - NATO peacekeeping forces entered the province of Kosovo in Yugoslavia.

2003 - In Arkansas, Terry Wallis spoke for the first time in nearly 19 years. Wallis had been in a coma since July 13, 1984, after being injured in a car accident

Birthdays

David Rockefeller 1915
George H.W. Bush (U.S.) 1924
 
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June 13

1415 - Henry the Navigator, the prince of Portugal, embarked on an expedition to Africa

1789 - Ice cream was served to General George Washington by Mrs. Alexander Hamilton.

1825 - Walter Hunt patented the safety pin. Hunt then sold the rights for $400

1866 - The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress. It was ratified on July 9, 1868. The amendment was designed to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves. It did this by prohibiting states from denying or abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, depriving any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws

1888 - The U.S. Congress created the Department of Labor

1912 - Captain Albert Berry made the first successful parachute jump from an airplane in Jefferson, Mississippi

1920 - The U.S. Post Office Department ruled that children may not be sent by parcel post.

1922 - Charlie Osborne started the longest attack on hiccups. He hiccuped over 435 million times before stopping. He died in 1991, 11 months after his hiccups ended

1927 - For the first time an American Flag was displayed from the right hand of the Statue of Liberty.

1940 - Paris was evacuated before the German advance on the city.

1943 - German spies landed on Long Island, New York. They were soon captured

1944 - Germany launched 10 of its new V1 rockets against Britain from a position near the Channel coast. Of the 10 rockets only 5 landed in Britain and only one managed to kill (6 people in London).

1944 - Marvin Camras patented the wire recorder

1966 - The landmark "Miranda vs. Arizona" decision was issued by the U.S. Supreme Court. The decision ruled that criminal suspects had to be informed of their constitutional rights before being questioned by police.

1967 - Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.

1971 - The New York Times began publishing the "Pentagon Papers". The articles were a secret study of America's involvement in Vietnam.

1977 - James Earl Ray was recaptured after his escape from prison 3 days earlier.

1978 - Israelis withdrew the last of their invading forces from Lebanon.

1979 - Sioux Indians were awarded $105 million in compensation for the U.S. seizure in 1877 of their Black Hills in South Dakota

1981 - At a parade in London a teen-ager fired six-blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II.

1983 - The unmanned U.S. space probe Pioneer 10 became the first spacecraft to leave the solar system. It was launched in March 1972. The first up-close images of the planet Jupiter were provided by Pioneer 10.

1988 - The Liggett Group, a cigarette manufacturer, was found liable for a lung-cancer death. They were, however, found innocent by the federal jury of misrepresenting the risks of smoking

1989 - U.S. President George Bush exercised his first Presidential veto on a bill dealing with minimum wage.

1991 - In the first round of the U.S. Open golf tournament a spectator was killed when lightning struck.

1992 - Future U.S. President Bill Clinton criticized rap singer Sister Souljah for making remarks "filled with hatred" towards whites.

1994 - A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, found Exxon Corp. and Captain Joseph Hazelwood to be reckless in the Exxon Valdez oil spill.

1994 - O.J. Simpson was questioned by Los Angeles police concerning the deaths of his ex-wife and her friend, Ronald Goldman.

1995 - France announced that they would conduct eight more nuclear tests in the South Pacific

1997 - The same Denver jury that convicted Timothy McVeigh of the 1995 bombing of a federal building in Oklahama City recommended the death penalty for his crime

Birthdays

Mary-Kate Olsen 1986
 
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June 14

1381 - The Peasant’s Revolt, led by Wat Tyler, climaxed when rebels marched on London. They plundered, burned and captured the Tower of London and killed the Archbishop of Canterbury. The revolt was in response to a statute intended to hold down wages during a labor shortage.

1775 - The Continental Army was founded by the Continental Congress for purposes of common defense. This event is considered to be the birth of the United States Army. On June 15, George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief.

1777 - The Continental Congress in Philadelphia adopted the "Stars and Stripes" as the national flag of the United States.

1834 - Isaac Fischer Jr. patented sandpaper.

1841 - The first Canadian parliament opened in Kingston.

1846 - A group of U.S. settlers in Sonoma proclaimed the Republic of California.

1864 - Alois Alzheimer was born. He was a psychiatrist/pathologist, and in 1907 he wrote an article describing the disease that is named for him.

1900 - Hawaii became a U.S. territory.

1907 - Women in Norway won the right to vote.

1919 - The first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight began. Captain John Alcot and Lt. Arthur Brown flew from Newfoundland to Ireland.

1922 - Warren G. Harding became the first U.S. president to be heard on radio. The event was the dedication of the Francis Scott Key memorial at Fort McHenry.

1927 - Nicaraguan President Adolfo Diaz signed a treaty with the U.S. allowing American intervention in his country.

1932 - U.S. Representative Edward Eslick died on the floor of the House of Representatives while pleading for the passage of the bonus bill.

1940 - The Nazis opened their concentration camp at Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland

1940 - German troops entered Paris. As Paris became occupied loud speakers announced the implementation of a curfew being imposed for 8 p.m.

1943 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that schoolchildren could not be made to salute the U.S. flag if doing so conflicted with their religious beliefs.

1944 - Sixty U.S. B-29 Superfortress' attacked an iron and steel works factory on Honshu Island. It was the first U.S. raid against mainland Japan

1951 - "Univac I" was unveiled. It was a computer designed for the U.S. Census Bureau and billed as the world's first commercial computer.

1952 - The Nautilus was dedicated. It was the first nuclear powered submarine.

1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed an order adding the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance

1985 - The 17-day hijacking of TWA flight 847 began. The hijackers were Lebanese Shiite Muslim extremists

1989 - Former U.S. President Reagan received an honorary knighthood from Britain's Queen Elizabeth II.

1989 - Zsa Zsa Gabor was arrested in Beverly Hills for slapping a motorcycle policeman.

1990 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld police checkpoints that are used to examine drivers for signs of intoxication

1996 - The FBI released that the White House had done bureau background reports on at leat 408 people without justification.

2002 - Twelve people were killed and 50 were injured when a car bomb was used to attack the U.S. consulate in Karachi, Pakistan.

2002 - Actor Kirk Douglas received the UCLA Medal. The award is presented to people for cultural, political and humanitarian achievements

Birthdays
Donald Trump 1946
Boy George (Culture Club) 1961
Steffi Graf 1969
 
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June 15

1667 - Jean-Baptiste Denys administered the first fully-documented human blood transfusion.

1752 - Benjamin Franklin experimented by flying a kite during a thunderstorm. The result was a little spark that showed the relationship between lightning and electricity

1836 - Arkansas became the 25th U.S. state.

1844 - Charles Goodyear was granted a patent for the process that strengthens rubber

1898 - The U.S. House of representatives approved the annexation of Hawaii.

1904 - The steamboat General Slocum erupted in fire killing more than 1,000 in New York City's East River.

1909 - Benjamin Shibe patented the cork center baseball.

1911 - The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. was incorporated in the state of New York. The company was later renamed International Business Machines (IBM) Corp.

1916 - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signed a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America.

1919 - Captain John Alcock and Lt. Arthur W. Brown won $50,000 for successfully completing the first, non-stop trans-Atlantic plane flight.

1932 - Gaston Means was sentenced to 15 years for fraud in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping

1944 - American forces began their successful invasion of Saipan during World War II.

1985 - U.S. Navy diver Robert D. Stethem was killed by the hijackers of Flight 847.

1986 - Pravda, the Communist Party newspaper, reported that the chief engineer of the Chernobyl nuclear plant was dismissed for mishandling the incident at the plant.

1989 - In Shanghai three Chinese workers were sentenced to death for setting fire to a train during a pro-democracy protest.

1992 - It was ruled by the U.S. Supreme Court that the government could kidnap criminal suspects from foreign countries for prosecution.

1992 - U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle instructed a student to spell "potato" with an "e" on the end during a spelling bee. He had relied on a faulty flash card that had been written by the student's teacher.

1994 - Israel and the Vatican established full diplomatic relations

1995 - During the O.J. Simpson murder trial, O.J. was asked to put on a pair of gloves. The gloves were said to have been worn by the killer on the night of the murders of Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman. The gloves appeared not to fit.

1996 - The Irish Republican Army set of a truck bomb in a retail district in Manchester England. The explosion wounded more than 200 people.

1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state prison inmates are protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

1999 - South Korean naval forces sank a North Korean torpedo boat during an exchange in the disputed Yellow Sea.

2003 - In northeast London, a trailer was stolen that contained thousands of copies of J.K. Rowling's book "Harry Potter And The Order Of The Phoenix." The empty trailer was discovered two days later.

2006 - The U.S. Supreme Court said that judges cannot throw out evidence collected by police who have search warrants but do not properly announced their arrival.

Birthdays

Helen Hunt 1963
Ice Cube 1969
 
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June 16

1815 - Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Ligny, Netherlands

1890 - The second Madison Square Gardens opened.

1883 - The New York Giants baseball team admitted all ladies for free to the ballpark. It was the first Ladies Day.

1897 - The U.S. government signed a treaty of annexation with Hawaii.

1903 - Ford Motor Company was incorporated.

1910 - The first Father's Day was celebrated in Spokane, Washington.

1922 - Henry Berliner accomplished the first helicopter flight at College Park, MD.

1925 - France accepted a German proposal for a security pact.

1932 - The ban on Nazi storm troopers was lifted by the von Papen government in Germany.

1941 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the closure of all German consulates in the United States. The deadline was set as July 10

1952 - A Swedish rescue plane was shot down by Soviet fighters over Swedish territorial waters. The rescue plane was searching for a lost aircraft

1975 - The Simonstown agreement on naval cooperation between Britain and South Africa ended. The agreement was formally ended by mutual agreement after 169 years.

1976 - In Soweto, thousands of school children revolted against the South African government's plan to enforce Afrikaans as the language for instruction in black schools.

1978 - U.S. President Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos ratified the Panama Canal treaties.

1978 - The film adaptation of "Grease" premiered in New York City.

1987 - A jury in New York acquitted Bernhard Goetz of attempted murder in the subway shooting of four young blacks he said were going to rob him. He was convicted of illegal possession of a weapon. Also, in 1996 a civil jury ordered Goetz to pay $43 million to one of the people he shot.

1992 - U.S. President George Bush welcomed Russian President Boris Yeltsin to a meeting in Washington, DC. The two agreed in principle to reduce strategic weapon arsenals by about two-thirds by the year 2003.

1993 - The U.S. Postal Service released a set of seven stamps that featured Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Clyde McPhatter, Otis Redding, Ritchie Valens, Dinah Washington and Elvis Presley

1996 - Russian voters had their first independent presidential election. Boris Yeltsin was the winner after a run-off.

1996 - "Batman Forever" opened in the U.S.

1999 - Kathleen Ann Soliah was arrested by the FBI in St. Paul, MN. She had been wanted since 1976 after being indicted on murder conspiracy and explosives charges.

1999 - The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said that a 1992 federal music piracy law does not prohibit a palm-sized device that can download high-quality digital music files from the Internet and play them at home.

2000 - U.S. federal regulators approved the merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE Corp. The merger created the nation's largest local phone company.

2008 - California began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples

Birthdays

Stan Laurel 1890
Roberto Duran 1951
Gino Vannelli 1952
Tupac Shakur 1971
 

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June 17

0362 - Emperor Julian issued an edict banning Christians from teaching in Syria.

1579 - Sir Francis Drake claimed San Francisco Bay for England.

1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte incorporated Italy into his empire.

1837 - Charles Goodyear received his first patent. The patent was for a process that made rubber easier to work with

1856 - The Republican Party opened its first national convention in Philadelphia.

1861 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln witnessed Dr. Thaddeus Lowe demonstrate the use of a hydrogen balloon.

1872 - George M. Hoover began selling whiskey in Dodge City, Kansas. The town had been dry up until this point.

1879 - Thomas Edison received an honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the trustees of Rutgers College in New Brunswick, NJ.

1885 - The Statue of Liberty arrived in New York City aboard the French ship Isere.

1912 - The German Zeppelin SZ 111 burned in its hanger in Friedrichshafen.

1913 - U.S. Marines set sail from San Diego to protect American interests in Mexico.

1917 - The Russian Duma met in a secret session in Petrograd and voted for an immediate Russian offensive against the German Army.

1924 - The Fascist militia marched into Rome.

1928 - Amelia Earhart began the flight that made her the first woman to successfully fly across the Atlantic Ocean.

1940 - France asked Germany for terms of surrender in World War II.

1941 - WNBT-TV in New York City, NY, was granted the first construction permit to operate a commercial TV station in the U.S.

1944 - The republic of Iceland was established.

1950 - Dr. Richard H. Lawler performed the first kidney transplant in a 45-minute operation in Chicago, IL.

1963 - The U.S. Supreme Court banned the required reading of the Lord's prayer and Bible in public schools.

1965 - Twenty-seven B-52’s hit Viet Cong outposts but lost two planes in South Vietnam.

1969 - Boris Spasky became chess champion of the world after checkmating former champion Tigran Petrosian in Moscow.

1970 - North Vietnamese troops cut the last operating rail line in Cambodia.

1972 - Five men were arrested for burglarizing the Democratic Party Headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington, DC. The men all worked for the reelection of President Nixon. The event was the beginning of the Watergate affair

1991 - The Parliament of South Africa repealed the Population Registration Act. The act had required that all South Africans for classified by race at birth.

1994 - O.J. Simpson drove his Ford Bronco across Los Angeles with police in pursuit and millions of people watching live on television. After the slow speed chase ended Simpson was arrested and charged with the murders of Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman

Birthdays

Newt Gingrich 1943
Barry Manilow 1946
Joe Piscopo 1951
 
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June 18

1815 - At the Battle of Waterloo Napoleon was defeated by an international army under the Duke of Wellington. Napoleon abdicated on June 22.

1817 - London's Waterloo Bridge opened. The bridge, designed by John Rennie, was built over the River Thames

1936 - Charles ‘Lucky’ Luciano was found guilty on 62 counts of compulsory prostitution.

1936 - The first bicycle traffic court was established in Racine, WI

1942 - The U.S. Navy commissioned its first black officer, Harvard University medical student Bernard Whitfield Robinson

1953 - Seventeen major league baseball records were tied or broken in a game between the Boston Red Sox and the Detroit Tigers

1959 - The first telecast received from England was broadcast in the U.S. over NBC-TV.

1966 - Samuel Nabrit became the first African American to serve on the Atomic Energy Commission.

1972 - A BEA Trident crashed just after takeoff from London Airport. All 118 people on board were killed.

1979 - In Vienna, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) 2.

1983 - Dr. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space aboard the space shuttle Challenger.

1984 - Alan Berg was shot to death outside his home. Two white supremacists were convicted of civil rights violations in the murder.

1996 - Richard Allen Davis was convicted in San Jose, CA, of the 1993 kidnap-murder of 12-year-old Polly Klaas.

1997 - Sirhan Sirhan was denied parole for the 10th time. He had assissinated presidential candidate Robert Kennedy in 1968.

1998 - The Walt Disney Co. purchased a 43% stake in the Web search engine company Infoseek Corp.

1998 - "The Boston Globe" asked Patricia Smith to resign after she admitted to inventing people and quotes in four of her recent columns.

1999 - Walt Disney's "Tarzan" opened.

2000 - In Algiers, Algeria, the foreign ministers of Ethiopia and Eritrea signed a preliminary cease-fire accord and agreed to work toward a permanent settlement of their two-year border war.

2002 - In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber killed 19 people and injured at least 50 more on a city bus. The Islamic militant group Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.

Birthdays

Paul McCartney 1942
Isabella Rossellini 1952
Alison Moyet (Yaz) 1961
 
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June 19

0240 BC - Eratosthenes estimated the circumference of the Earth using two sticks.

1586 - English colonists sailed away from Roanoke Island, NC, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in America

1862 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln outlined his Emancipation Proclamation, which outlawed slavery in U.S. territories

1865 - The emancipation of slaves was proclaimed in Texas

1903 - The young school teacher, Benito Mussolini, was placed under investigation by police in Bern, Switzerland.

1910 - Father's Day was celebrated for the first time, in Spokane, WA.

1911 - In Pennsylvania, the first motion-picture censorship board was established.

1912 - The U.S. government established the 8-hour work day

1934 - The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration was established

1939 - In Atlanta, GA, legislation was enacted that disallowed pinball machines in the city.

1942 - Norma Jeane Mortenson (Marilyn Monroe) and her 21-year-old neighbor Jimmy Dougherty were married. They were divorced in June of 1946.

1942 - British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived in Washington, DC, to discuss the invasion of North Africa with U.S. President Roosevelt.

1943 - Henry Kissinger became a naturalized United States citizen

1951 - U.S. President Harry S. Truman signed the Universal Military Training and Service Act, which extended Selective Service until July 1, 1955 and lowered the draft age to 18.

1953 - Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, NY. They had been convicted of conspiring to pass U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.

1958 - In Washington, DC, nine entertainers refused to answer a congressional committee's questions on communism.

1961 - Kuwait regained complete independence from Britain.

1961 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down a provision in Maryland's constitution that required state officeholders to profess a belief in God.

1976 - During three days of violence, black student protestors were massacred in Soweto, South Africa.

1978 - Garfield was in newspapers around the U.S. for the first time.

1981 - "Superman II" set the all-time, one-day record for theater box-office receipts when it took in $5.5 million

1987 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Louisiana law that required that schools teach creationism.

1989 - The movie "Batman" premiered.

1998 - A study released said that smoking more than doubles risks of developing dementia and Alzheimer's.

1998 - Switzerland's three largest banks offered $600 million to settle claims they'd stolen the assets of Holocaust victims during World War II. Jewish leaders called the offer insultingly low.

1999 - Stephen King was struck from behind by a mini-van while walking along a road in Maine.

Birthdays

Kathleen Turner 1954
Paula Abdul 1962
 
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June 20

0451 - Roman and Barbarian warriors brought Attila's army to a halt at the Catalaunian Plains in eastern France.

1397 - The Union of Kalmar united Denmark, Sweden, and Norway under one monarch

1793 - Eli Whitney applied for a cotton gin patent. He received the patent on March 14. The cotton gin initiated the American mass-production concept

1941 - The U.S. Army Air Force was established, replacing the Army Air Corps.

1943 - Race-related rioting erupted in Detroit. Federal troops were sent in two days later to end the violence that left more than 30 dead.

1947 - Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel was murdered in Beverly Hills, CA, at the order of mob associates angered over the soaring costs of his project, the Flamingo resort in Las Vegas, NV.

1963 - The United States and Soviet Union signed an agreement to set up a hot line communication link between the two countries.

1966 - The U.S. Open golf tournament was broadcast in color for the first time.

1967 - Muhammad Ali was convicted in Houston of violating Selective Service laws by refusing to be drafted. The U.S. Supreme Court later overturned the conviction.

1977 - The Trans-Alaska Pipeline began operation.

1994 - In Los Angeles, O.J. Simpson pled innocent to the killing of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman.

1997 - The tobacco industry agreed to a massive settlement in exchange for major relief from mounting lawsuits and legal bills.

2001 - Barry Bonds, of the San Francisco Giants, hit his 38th home run of the season. The home run broke the major league baseball record for homers before the midseason All-Star break.

2001 - In Texas, Andrea Yates was arrested for drowning her five children in a bathtub.

2002 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the execution of mentally retarded murderers was unconstitutionally cruel. The vote was 6 in favor and 3 against

Birthdays

Lionel Richie 1949
Cindy Lauper 1953
Michael Anthony (Van Halen) 1954
John Taylor (Duran Duran, Neurotic Outsiders) 1960
Michael Landon, Jr. 1964
Nicole Kidman 1967
Skeptic 1987 :borat:
 
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June 21

1834 - Cyrus McCormick patented the first practical mechanical reaper for farming. His invention allowed farmers to more than double their crop size.

1859 - Andrew Lanergan received the first rocket patent.

1913 - Georgia Broadwick became the first woman to jump from an airplane

1945 - Pan Am announced an 88-hour round-the-world flight at a cost of $700.

1954 - The American Cancer Society reported significantly higher death rates among cigarette smokers than among non-smokers

1954 - Australian John Landy ran the mile in 3:58. He was the second person to achieve the feat.

1958 - In Arkansas, a federal judge let Little Rock delay school integration.

1958 - Linus Pauling and Detlev Bronke, both Americans, were elected to the Soviet Academy of Science.

1960 - In Zurich, German, Armin Hary ran 100-meters in a record 10.0 seconds.

1964 - Three civil rights workers disappeared in Philadelphia, MS. Their bodies were found on August 4, 1964 in an earthen dam. Eight Ku Klux Klan members later went to federal prison on conspiracy charges.

1969 - In South Carolina, civil rights leader Rev. Ralph Abernathy was jailed on riot charges

1973 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may ban materials found to be obscene according to local standards.

1981 - "Raiders of the Lost Ark" opened.

1982 - A jury in Washington, DC, found John Hinckley Jr. innocent by reason of insanity in the shootings of U.S. President Reagan and three other men.

1985 - Scientists announced that skeletal remains exhumed in Brazil were those of Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele.

1989 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag as a form of political protest was protected by the First Amendment.

2003 - The fifth Harry Potter book, "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix," was published by J.K. Rowling. Amazon.com shipped out more than one million copies on this day making the day the largest distribution day of a single item in e-commerce history. The book set sales records around the world with an estimated 5 million copies were sold on the first day.

2004 - SpaceShipOne, designed by Burt Rutan and piloted by Mike Melvill, reached 328,491 feet above Earth in a 90 minute flight. The height is about 400 feet above the distance scientists consider to be the boundary of space.

Birthdays

Prince William (England) 1982
 
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June 22

1772 - Slavery was outlawed in England.

1807 - British seamen board the USS Chesapeake, a provocation leading to the War of 1812.

1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte abdicated a second time.

1832 - J.I. Howe patented the pin machine.

1870 - The U.S. Congress created the Department of Justice.

1874 - Dr. Andrew Taylor Still began the first known practice of osteopathy.

1909 - The first transcontinental auto race ended in Seattle, WA

1933 - Germany became a one political party country when Hitler banned parties other than the Nazis.

1939 - The first U.S. water-ski tournament was held at Jones Beach, on Long Island, New York.

1941 - Under the codename Barbarossa, Germany invaded the Soviet Union.

1944 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt signed the "GI Bill of Rights" to provide broad benefits for veterans of the war

1946 - Jet airplanes were used to transport mail for the first time.

1970 - U.S. President Richard Nixon signed 26th amendment, lowering the voting age to 18.

1973 - Skylab astronauts splashed down safely in the Pacific after a record 28 days in space.

1977 - John N. Mitchell became the first former U.S. Attorney General to go to prison as he began serving a sentence for his role in the Watergate cover-up. He served 19 months.

1978 - James W. Christy and Robert S. Harrington discovered the only known moon of Pluto. The moon is named Charon.

1980 - The Soviet Union announceed a partial withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan.

1981 - Mark David Chapman pled guilty to killing John Lennon

1989 - The government of Angola and the anti-Communist rebels of the UNITA movement agreed to a formal truce in their 14-year-old civil war.

1992 - The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that hate-crime laws that ban cross-burning and similar expressions of racial bias violated free-speech rights.

1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that evidence illegally obtained by authorities could be used at revocation hearings for a convicted criminal's parole.

1998 - The 75th National Marbles Tournament begins in Wildwood, NJ.

1999 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that persons with remediable handicaps cannot claim discrimination in employment under the Americans with Disability Act.

Birthdays

Kris Kristofferson 1936
Meryl Streep 1949
 
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June 23

1836 - The U.S. Congress approved the Deposit Act, which contained a provision for turning over surplus federal revenue to the states

1860 - The U.S. Secret Service was created to arrest counterfeiters

1868 - Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention that he called a "Type-Writer."

1926 - The first lip reading tournament in America was held in Philadelphia, PA.

1931 - Wiley Post and Harold Gatty took off from New York on the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane

1972 - U.S. President Nixon and White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman discussed a plan to use the CIA to obstruct the FBI's Watergate investigation.

1985 - All 329 people aboard an Air-India Boeing 747 were killed when the plane crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Ireland. The cause was thought to be a bomb.

1989 - The movie "Batman" was released nationwide.

1992 - John Gotti was sentenced in New York to life in prison after being convicted of racketeering charges.

1993 - Lorena Bobbitt of Prince William County, VA, sexually mutilated her husband, John, after he allegedly raped her.

1997 - Betty Shabazz, the widow of Malcolm X, died in New York of burns suffered in a fire set by her 12-year old grandson. She was 61.

2003 - Apple Computer Inc. unveiled the new Power Mac desktop computer.

2004 - The U.S. proposed that North Korea agree to a series of nuclear disarmament measures over a three-month period in exchange for economic benefits.
 
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June 24

1497 - Italian explorer John Cabot, sailing in the service of England, landed in North America on what is now Newfoundland.

1509 - Henry VIII was crowned King of England.

1664 - New Jersey, named after the Isle of Jersey, was founded

1812 - Napoleon crossed the Nieman River and invaded Russia.

1844 - Charles Goodyear was granted U.S. patent #3,633 for vulcanized rubber.

1859 - At the Battle of Solferino, also known as the Battle of the Three Sovereigns, the French army led by Napoleon III defeated the Austrian army under Franz Joseph I in northern Italy.

1896 - Booker T. Washington became the first African American to receive an honorary MA degree from Howard University.

1910 - The Japanese army invaded Korea.

1922 - The American Professional Football Association took the name of The National Football League.

1931 - The Soviet Union and Afghanistan signed a treaty of neutrality.

1941 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt pledged all possible support to the Soviet Union.

1947 - Kenneth Arnold reported seeing flying saucers over Mt. Rainier, Washington.

1948 - The Soviet Union began the Berlin Blockade.

1953 - John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier announced their engagement.

1955 - Soviet MIG's down a U.S. Navy patrol plane over the Bering Strait.

1964 - The Federal Trade Commission announced that starting in 1965, cigarette manufactures would be required to include warnings on their packaging about the harmful effects of smoking.

1968 - "Resurrection City," a shantytown constructed as part of the Poor People's March on Washington D.C., was closed down by authorities

1975 - 113 people were killed when an Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashed while attempting to land during a thunderstorm at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.

1997 - 18-year-old Melissa Drexler was charged with murder in the death of her baby. Drexler had given birth during her prom.

1997 - The U.S. Air Force released a report on the "Roswell Incident," suggesting the alien bodies witnesses reported seeing in 1947 were actually life-sized dummies.

1998 - AT&T Corp. struck a deal to buy cable TV giant Tele-Communications Inc. for $31.7 billion.

1998 - Walt Disney World Resort admitted its 600-millionth guest.

2002 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must make the decision to give a convicted killer the death penalty.

2002 - A painting from Monet's Waterlilies series sold for $20.2 million.

Birthdays

Norman Cousins 1912
Mick Fleetwood (Fleetwood Mac) 1942
 
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June 25

1867 - Lucien B. Smith patented the first barbed wire.

1868 - The U.S. Congress enacted legislation granting an eight-hour day to workers employed by the Federal government

1877 - In Philadelphia, PA, Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated the telephone for Sir William Thomson (Baron Kelvin) and Emperor Pedro II of Brazil at the Centennial Exhibition.

1910 - The U.S. Congress authorized the use of postal savings stamps.

1950 - North Korea invaded South Korea initiating the Korean War.

1951 - In New York, the first regular commercial color TV transmissions were presented on CBS using the FCC-approved CBS Color System. The public did not own color TV's at the time.

1952 - John Christie, the British murderer of 10 Rillington Place, was sentenced to death for killing six women.

1959 - The Cuban government seized 2.35 million acres under a new agrarian reform law

1962 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of unofficial non-denominational prayer in public schools was unconstitutional.

1964 - U.S. President Lyndon Johnson ordered 200 naval personnel to Mississippi to assist in finding three missing civil rights workers

1970 - The U.S. Federal Communications Commission handed down a ruling (35 FR 7732), making it illegal for radio stations to put telephone calls on the air without the permission of the person being called

1973 - White House Counsel John Dean admitted that U.S. President Nixon took part in the Watergate cover-up.

1975 - Mozambique became independent. Samora Machel was sworn in as president after 477 years of Portuguese rule.

1981 - The U.S. Supreme Court decided that male-only draft registration was constitutional.

1985 - ABC’s "Monday Night Football" began with a new line-up. The trio was Frank Gifford, Joe Namath and O.J. Simpson.

1986 - The U.S. Congress approved $100 million in aid to the Contras fighting in Nicaragua.

1987 - Austrian President Kurt Waldheim visited Pope John Paul II at the Vatican. The meeting was controversial due to allegations that Waldheim had hidden his Nazi past.

1990 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of an individual, whose wishes are clearly made, to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment. "The right to die" decision was made in the Curzan vs. Missouri case.

1991 - The last Soviet troops left Czechoslovakia 23 years after the Warsaw Pact invasion.

1991 - The Yugoslav republics of Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence from Yugoslavia.

1993 - Kim Campbell took office as Canada's first woman prime minister. She assumed power upon the resignation of Brian Mulroney

1997 - The Russian space station Mir was hit by an unmanned cargo vessel. Much of the power supply was knocked out and the station's Spektr module was severely damaged.

1997 - U.S. air pollution standards were significantly tightened by U.S. President Clinton.

1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court rejected the line-item veto thereby striking down presidential power to cancel specific items in tax and spending legislation.

1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that those infected with HIV are protected by the Americans With Disabilities Act.

1998 - Microsoft's "Windows 98" was released to the public

1999 - Germany's parliament approved a national Holocaust memorial to be built in Berlin.

2000 - U.S. and British researchers announced that they had completed a rough draft of a map of the genetic makeup of human beings. The project was 10 years old at the time of the announcement.

2000 - A Florida judge approved a class-action lawsuit to be filed against American Online (AOL) on behalf of hourly subscribers who were forced to view "pop-up" advertisements.

2009 - Michael Jackson dies

Birthdays

George Orwell 1903
George Michael 1963
 
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June 26

1819 - The bicycle was patented by W.K. Clarkson, Jr.

1844 - John Tyler took Julia Gardiner as his bride, thus becoming the first U.S. President to marry while in office.

1900 - The United States announced that it would send troops to fight against the Boxer rebellion in China.

1900 - A commission that included Dr. Walter Reed began the fight against the deadly disease yellow fever

1925 - Charlie Chaplin's comedy, "The Gold Rush," premiered in Hollywood.

1926 - A memorial to the first U.S. troops in France was unveiled at St. Nazaire.

1924 - After eight years of occupation, American troops left the Dominican Republic.

1942 - The Grumman F6F Hellcat fighter was flown for the first time

1948 - The Berlin Airlift began as the U.S., Britain and France started ferrying supplies to the isolated western sector of Berlin.

1951 - The Soviet Union proposed a cease-fire in the Korean War

1961 - A Kuwaiti vote opposed Iraq's annexation plans.

1963 - U.S. President John Kennedy announced "Ich bin ein Berliner" (I am a Berliner) at the Berlin Wall.

1971 - The U.S. Justice Department issued a warrant for Daniel Ellsberg, accusing him of giving away the Pentagon Papers.

1975 - Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency due to "deep and widespread conspiracy."

1979 - Muhammad Ali, at 37 years old, announced that he was retiring as world heavyweight boxing champion.

1981 - In Mountain Home, Idaho, Virginia Campbell took her coupons and rebates and bought $26,460 worth of groceries. She only paid 67 cents after all the discounts

1997 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Communications Decency Act of 1996 that made it illegal to distribute indecent material on the Internet.

1997 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld state laws that allow for a ban on doctor-assisted suicides.

1998 - The U.S. and Peru open school to train commandos to patrol Peru's rivers for drug traffickers.

1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that employers are always potentially liable for supervisor's sexual misconduct toward an employee.

2000 - The Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics Corp. jointly announced that they had created a working draft of the human genome.

2000 - Indonesia's President Abdurrahman Wahid declared a state of emergency in the Moluccas due to the escalation of fighting between Christians and Muslims

2002 - David Hasseloff checked into The Betty Ford Center for treatment of alcoholism.

2002 - WorldCom Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

Birthdays

1956 Chris Isaak (singer)

1970 Chris O'Donnell (actor)
 
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